Result table: plain / 31921183844
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dcompact →
generated (UTC): 2026-08-16 04:43:40+00:00
raw logs: ToplingDB zipkeyonly | ToplingDB zipkeyvalue | RocksDB v8.10 | RocksDB master (323d915d) | DB INFO LOGs + bench yamls (Actions artifact)
ToplingDB bench yaml: zipkeyonly db_bench-fillrandom.yaml | zipkeyonly db_bench-fillseq.yaml | zipkeyvalue db_bench-fillrandom.yaml | zipkeyvalue db_bench-fillseq.yaml
Runner hardware/software
| OS | Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS |
| Kernel | 6.17.0-1022-azure |
| CPU | AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor |
| Logical CPUs | 4 |
| Memory | 15.6GiB |
| /dev/shm | 7.8GiB |
| RocksDB block cache | 7.8GiB |
num=100000000 | key_size=8 | value_size=50
On-disk DB size (3.7GiB) ≤ block cache (7.8GiB) — cache can hold the entire dataset. So this benchmark mainly shows CPU and memory cost. With ToplingDB dcompact, most of that CPU and memory cost can be offloaded.
ToplingDB zipkeyonly
db_bench (fillrandom+compact+readseq/readrandom)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillrandom | 0.988942 | 1011181 | 98.894 | 100000000 | 55.9 MB/s |
| compact | 33286126.000000 | 0 | 33.286 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.039939 | 25038007 | 3.994 | 100000000 | 1384.9 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.040037 | 24976759 | 4.004 | 100000000 | 1381.5 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.039951 | 25030261 | 3.995 | 100000000 | 1384.5 MB/s |
| readrandom | 0.188824 | 5295936 | 18.882 | 100000000 | 185.2 MB/s (63211500 of 100000000 found) |
db_bench (fillseq suite)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillseq | 0.437547 | 2285469 | 43.755 | 100000000 | 126.4 MB/s |
| compact | 40982914.000000 | 0 | 40.983 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.031807 | 31439125 | 3.181 | 100000000 | 1739.0 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.031953 | 31295936 | 3.195 | 100000000 | 1731.1 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.032019 | 31230919 | 3.202 | 100000000 | 1727.5 MB/s |
| readrandom | 0.149343 | 6695976 | 14.934 | 100000000 | 370.4 MB/s (100000000 of 100000000 found) |
db_bench omit lazy-load (fillrandom DB)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| nextwithkey | 0.025381 | 39398324 | 2.538 | 100000000 | 300.6 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.025291 | 39539397 | 2.529 | 100000000 | 301.7 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.025326 | 39484225 | 2.533 | 100000000 | 301.2 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.025682 | 38937277 | 2.568 | 100000000 | 297.1 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.025841 | 38697758 | 2.584 | 100000000 | 295.2 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.025755 | 38825799 | 2.576 | 100000000 | 296.2 MB/s |
db_bench omit lazy-load (fillseq DB)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| nextwithkey | 0.019038 | 52525036 | 1.904 | 100000000 | 400.7 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.019247 | 51954502 | 1.925 | 100000000 | 396.4 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.019012 | 52595647 | 1.901 | 100000000 | 401.3 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.019500 | 51280973 | 1.950 | 100000000 | 391.2 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.019482 | 51326718 | 1.948 | 100000000 | 391.6 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.019478 | 51338813 | 1.948 | 100000000 | 391.7 MB/s |
memtablerep_bench (skiplist)
| benchmark | metric | value |
| fillrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| fillrandom | Elapsed time | 257174085 us |
| fillrandom | Total bytes written | 1621.25 MiB |
| fillrandom | Write throughput | 6.30408 MiB/s |
| fillrandom | write us/op | 2.57174 |
| readrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| readrandom | Elapsed time | 320703234 us |
| readrandom | Total bytes read | 1621.25 MiB |
| readrandom | Read throughput | 5.05529 MiB/s |
| readrandom | read us/op | 3.20703 |
memtablerep_bench (cspp, ToplingDB only)
| benchmark | metric | value |
| fillrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| fillrandom | Elapsed time | 32506026 us |
| fillrandom | Total bytes written | 1621.25 MiB |
| fillrandom | Write throughput | 49.8753 MiB/s |
| fillrandom | write us/op | 0.32506 |
| readrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| readrandom | Elapsed time | 44667198 us |
| readrandom | Total bytes read | 1621.25 MiB |
| readrandom | Read throughput | 36.2961 MiB/s |
| readrandom | read us/op | 0.446672 |
ToplingDB zipkeyvalue
db_bench (fillrandom+compact+readseq/readrandom)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillrandom | 0.987239 | 1012922 | 98.724 | 100000000 | 56.0 MB/s |
| compact | 80996980.000000 | 0 | 80.997 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.059219 | 16886400 | 5.922 | 100000000 | 934.0 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.059226 | 16884248 | 5.923 | 100000000 | 933.9 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.058950 | 16963329 | 5.895 | 100000000 | 938.3 MB/s |
| readrandom | 0.557490 | 1793751 | 55.749 | 100000000 | 62.7 MB/s (63217715 of 100000000 found) |
db_bench (fillseq suite)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillseq | 0.438711 | 2279402 | 43.871 | 100000000 | 126.1 MB/s |
| compact | 129105889.000000 | 0 | 129.106 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.048092 | 20793409 | 4.809 | 100000000 | 1150.1 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.047629 | 20995501 | 4.763 | 100000000 | 1161.3 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.047348 | 21119975 | 4.735 | 100000000 | 1168.2 MB/s |
| readrandom | 0.740153 | 1351071 | 74.015 | 100000000 | 74.7 MB/s (100000000 of 100000000 found) |
db_bench omit lazy-load (fillrandom DB)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| nextwithkey | 0.025137 | 39781583 | 2.514 | 100000000 | 303.5 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.025130 | 39791698 | 2.513 | 100000000 | 303.6 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.025195 | 39690178 | 2.520 | 100000000 | 302.8 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.025581 | 39090336 | 2.558 | 100000000 | 298.2 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.025590 | 39077016 | 2.559 | 100000000 | 298.1 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.025563 | 39117815 | 2.556 | 100000000 | 298.4 MB/s |
db_bench omit lazy-load (fillseq DB)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| nextwithkey | 0.019113 | 52320574 | 1.911 | 100000000 | 399.2 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.019005 | 52617067 | 1.901 | 100000000 | 401.4 MB/s |
| nextwithkey | 0.018975 | 52699033 | 1.898 | 100000000 | 402.1 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.019452 | 51407961 | 1.945 | 100000000 | 392.2 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.019432 | 51458408 | 1.943 | 100000000 | 392.6 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.019416 | 51502190 | 1.942 | 100000000 | 392.9 MB/s |
RocksDB v8.10
db_bench (fillrandom+compact+readseq/readrandom)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillrandom | 1.450 | 689844 | 144.960 | 100000000 | 38.2 MB/s |
| compact | 49788759.000 | 0 | 49.789 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.133 | 7525012 | 8.401 | 63214922 | 416.2 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.095 | 10528299 | 6.004 | 63214922 | 582.4 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.095 | 10556229 | 5.988 | 63214922 | 583.9 MB/s |
| readrandom | 2.717 | 368119 | 271.651 | 100000000 | 12.9 MB/s (63206686 of 100000000 found) |
db_bench (fillseq suite)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillseq | 0.395 | 2530624 | 39.516 | 100000000 | 140.0 MB/s |
| compact | 37444683.000 | 0 | 37.445 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.157 | 6357682 | 15.729 | 100000000 | 351.7 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.093 | 10800781 | 9.259 | 100000000 | 597.4 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.093 | 10724546 | 9.324 | 100000000 | 593.2 MB/s |
| readrandom | 3.024 | 330682 | 302.405 | 100000000 | 18.3 MB/s (100000000 of 100000000 found) |
memtablerep_bench (skiplist)
| benchmark | metric | value |
| fillrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| fillrandom | Elapsed time | 264107570 us |
| fillrandom | Total bytes written | 1621.25 MiB |
| fillrandom | Write throughput | 6.13858 MiB/s |
| fillrandom | write us/op | 2.64108 |
| readrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| readrandom | Elapsed time | 323430698 us |
| readrandom | Total bytes read | 1621.25 MiB |
| readrandom | Read throughput | 5.01265 MiB/s |
| readrandom | read us/op | 3.23431 |
RocksDB master (323d915d)
db_bench (fillrandom+compact+readseq/readrandom)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillrandom | 1.527 | 655081 | 152.653 | 100000000 | 36.2 MB/s |
| compact | 65979296.000 | 0 | 65.979 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.178 | 5616162 | 11.255 | 63210804 | 310.6 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.132 | 7559071 | 8.362 | 63210804 | 418.1 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.132 | 7556637 | 8.365 | 63210804 | 418.0 MB/s |
| readrandom | 2.624 | 381069 | 262.419 | 100000000 | 13.3 MB/s (63213305 of 100000000 found) |
db_bench (fillseq suite)
| benchmark | micros/op | ops/sec | seconds | operations | extra |
| fillseq | 0.407 | 2457789 | 40.687 | 100000000 | 135.9 MB/s |
| compact | 39283408.000 | 0 | 39.283 | 1 | |
| readseq | 0.200 | 5005628 | 19.978 | 100000000 | 276.9 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.131 | 7642031 | 13.086 | 100000000 | 422.7 MB/s |
| readseq | 0.131 | 7636262 | 13.095 | 100000000 | 422.4 MB/s |
| readrandom | 2.849 | 350993 | 284.906 | 100000000 | 19.4 MB/s (100000000 of 100000000 found) |
memtablerep_bench (skiplist)
| benchmark | metric | value |
| fillrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| fillrandom | Elapsed time | 256693590 us |
| fillrandom | Total bytes written | 1621.25 MiB |
| fillrandom | Write throughput | 6.31588 MiB/s |
| fillrandom | write us/op | 2.56694 |
| readrandom | Number of threads | 1 |
| readrandom | Elapsed time | 339900179 us |
| readrandom | Total bytes read | 1621.25 MiB |
| readrandom | Read throughput | 4.76977 MiB/s |
| readrandom | read us/op | 3.399 |